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Ser atendido por el estomatólogo es una de las situaciones que genera más miedo y ansiedad en las personas. Se sugiere que la musicoterapia contribuye a reducir estos síntomas. Teniendo en cuenta que muchos pacientes presentan ansiedad y miedo al ser atendidos en el sillón dental y que necesitan un ambiente más agradable, constituye el motivo que condujo a la realización de este trabajo haciendo uso de la musicoterapia con el objetivo de evaluar su influencia en el paciente durante la atención. Se realizó un estudio de intervención, desde marzo a junio del 2022 en el Servicio Estomatológico, Policlínico Tula Aguilera. La muestra, 40 pacientes, fue seleccionada al azar, independientemente de sentir temor o no al tratamiento estomatológico. Las sesiones se dividieron: primera visita (sin música) y segunda visita (con música). Los datos se recogieron en encuesta. Los niveles de miedo disminuyeron con la aplicación de la terapia, por lo cual se constató que la musicoterapia tiene una notable influencia en los pacientes al desaparecer y disminuir el miedo o sensaciones desagradables durante la atención estomatológica. Todos los pacientes manifestaron satisfacción con el uso de la música, durante el servicio.
To be assisted by the odontologist is one of the situations that generates more fear and anxiety in people. It is suggested that the musical-therapy contributes to reduce these symptoms. Keeping in mind that many patients present anxiety and fear when being assisted in the dental armchair and that they need a more pleasant atmosphere, it constitutes the reason that led to the realization of this work making use of the musical-therapy with the objective of evaluating their influence in the patient during the attention. He was carried out an intervention study, from March to June of the 2022 in the Dentistry Service, Clinical Tula Aguilera. The sample, 40 patients, it was selected at random, independently of feeling fear or not to the dentistry treatment. The sessions were divided: first visit (without music) and second visit (with music). The data were picked up in survey. The levels of fear diminished with the application of the therapy, reason why it was verified that the musical-therapy has a notable it influences in the patients when disappearing and to diminish the fear or unpleasant sensations during the dentristry attention. All the patients manifested satisfaction with the music's use, during the service.
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Objective To determine the effects of health education on medication compliance and bone mineral density of patients with osteoporosis in community. Methods A total of 123 patients with osteoporosis in A and B community(64 patients in control group and 59 patients in intervention group)received diverse health education and guidance. After a 2-year intervention, knowledge of osteoporosis, health behavior, medication compliance and bone mineral density change were compared between the two groups. Results In the intervention group, the proportions of correctly responding to the questions of osteoporosis were significantly improved before and after intervention(P < 0.05), except the questions of"exercise to what extent is better". Similarly, health behavior and medication compliance were also significantly improved in the intervention group(P < 0.05). In addition, knowledge of osteoporosis, most health behavior and medication compliance were better than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The difference in the bone mineral densitybetween the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention was 0.025±0.322 and -0.139±0.312(P < 0.05), respectively, showing significant differences(P < 0.05). Conclusion Health education for patients with osteoporosis may significantly improve health behavior, medication compliance, bone mineral density, and prognosis of osteoporosis.
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OBJETIVO: analisar a percepção de enfermeiras e agentes comunitários de saúde em relação ao suicídio antes e após uma intervenção educativa. MÉTODO: estudo quase experimental, do tipo antes e depois, de abordagem qualitativa, baseado no referencial teórico da Transferência de Conhecimento. Participaram do estudo duas enfermeiras e dez agentes comunitários de saúde de uma unidade básica de saúde de Campo Grande, do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foi utilizada a técnica de grupo focal, para a coleta de dados, antes e após a intervenção educativa. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de Triangulação de Métodos. RESULTADOS: emergiram duas categorias da análise dos dados, "a percepção do suicídio nos seus diferentes aspectos", que traz percepções, compreensões e conceitos relacionados ao suicídio e "o contexto da assistência à saúde no comportamento suicida", que mostra como o suicídio é vivenciado pelos profissionais de saúde nos espaços de cuidado. CONCLUSÃO: a intervenção educativa favoreceu mudanças na percepção dos participantes referentes à identificação e abordagem do comportamento suicida, indicando a importância de ações dessa natureza para abordagens inerentes à prevenção do suicídio.
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the perception of nurses and community health agents in relation to suicide before and after an educational intervention. METHOD: a quasi-experimental research, of the before and after study type and with a qualitative approach, based on the theoretical framework of Knowledge Transfer. Two nurses and ten community health agents from a basic health unit in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, participated in the study. The focus group technique was used for data collection before and after the educational intervention. Data analysis was performed using the technique of Triangulation of Methods. RESULTS: two categories of data analysis emerged: "the perception of suicide in its different aspects", which brings perceptions, understandings, and concepts related to suicide; and "the context of health care in suicidal behavior", which is characterized by how suicide is experienced by the health professionals in care contexts. CONCLUSION: the educational intervention fostered changes in the participants' perception regarding the identification and approach of suicidal behavior, indicating the importance of actions of this nature for approaches concerning suicide prevention.
OBJETIVO: analizar la percepción de enfermeras y agentes comunitarios de salud en relación con el suicidio, antes y después de una intervención educativa. MÉTODO: estudio cuasi experimental, del tipo antes y después, con enfoque cualitativo, basado en el marco teórico de la Transferencia de Conocimiento. Los participantes del estudio fueron dos enfermeras y diez agentes comunitarios de salud de una unidad básica de salud de Campo Grande en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Se utilizó la técnica del grupo focal se utilizó para recopilar datos antes y después de la intervención educativa. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la técnica del Método de Triangulación. RESULTADOS: surgieron dos categorías de análisis de datos, "la percepción del suicidio en sus diferentes aspectos", que trae percepciones, entendimientos y conceptos relacionados con el suicidio y "el contexto de la atención en salud en el comportamiento suicida", que muestra cómo los profesionales de la salud experimentan el suicidio en los espacios de atención. CONCLUSIÓN: la intervención educativa favoreció cambios en la percepción de los participantes con respecto a la identificación y el enfoque del comportamiento suicida, lo que indica la importancia de acciones de esta naturaleza para abordajes inherentes a la prevención del suicidio.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care , Suicide/prevention & control , Community Health Workers/education , Education, Nursing , Disease Prevention , NursesABSTRACT
Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention efficacy trials with psychiatric patients have been conducted in research settings in high-resourced countries, establishing short-term efficacy for reducing sexual risk behavior. None has been implemented within systems of care. In the last decade, overcoming this research-to-practice gap has become a focus of implementation science. This paper describes the first and only HIV Prevention intervention trial for psychiatric patients conducted in real-world outpatient psychiatric settings facilitated by trained clinic-based providers. Methods: The HIV Prevention intervention, which uses the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model to achieve sexual risk-reduction, was rigorously adapted to the local context and clinic services' needs. Participants from eight clinics were randomized to HIV Prevention or Health Promotion conditions. Results: HIV Prevention participants showed significant improvement in Information-Motivation-Behavioral domains; in this group, behavioral intentions were associated with significantly fewer unprotected sex occasions, but reduction of unprotected sex occasions was similar in both conditions. Conclusion: Our trial was conducted before implementation studies became widely funded. Transporting an intervention to a new culture or into real-world practice settings may require adaptations. Our results demonstrate that clear guidelines are needed regarding whether to conduct efficacy, effectiveness, and/or implementation research as the most appropriate next step. Clinical trial registration: NCT00881699
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Humans , Male , Female , Sexual Behavior/psychology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Mental Health , Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Mentally Ill Persons/psychology , Risk Reduction Behavior , Unsafe SexABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the impact of multidimensional interventions on quality of life (QoL) and depressive symptoms in Brazilian older adults living in the community. Methods: Longitudinal, quasi-experimental study of older adults receiving conventional primary health care (PHC). The interventions were designed in response to a first round of data collection and validated through pilot testing in groups of older adults from another community. The validated interventions were then applied to an intervention group (IG). To measure their effect, we used the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30). Results: The sample comprised 118 participants. IG participants exhibited significant improvement in several QoL domains (SF-36): mental health (p = 0.010), general health perceptions (p = 0.016), and physical functioning (p = 0.045). No such improvement occurred in controls (p > 0.050). The prevalence of depression (GDS-30) fell from 36.7 to 23.3% in the IG, despite no significant difference (p = 0.272). Controls also reported a reduction in depressive symptoms, but only from 44.8 to 41.4% (p = 0.112). Conclusions: This multidimensional intervention was associated with significant improvement in mental health, general health perceptions, and physical functioning in a sample of Brazilian older adults. Clinical trial registration: RBR-92dbtx.
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Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Quality of Life/psychology , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Depression/psychology , Depression/rehabilitation , Primary Health Care , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Longitudinal Studies , Treatment Outcome , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Health issues with workers include many aspects that scientific research in physical fitness and sports medicine can contribute to. Nevertheless, in Japan, there are few studies on the health problems in workers reported in the field of physical fitness and sports medicine. One reason could be the difficulty of obtaining cooperation in research from companies. This paper introduces results of epidemiological studies on health problems in workers by the Physical Fitness Research Institute. Our research serves as an example of physical fitness and sports medicine studies, including methods for securing fields for research. For the last decade, various epidemiological studies on worker’s mental health, sleep, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and labor related issues have been conducted in our research institute. Most of these studies indicated that lack of physical activity is associated with these indicators in Japanese workers. In recent years, we have also been conducting observational and interventional studies focusing on sedentary behavior in workers. Physical activity is deeply linked to worker’s health, therefore, the important approach to start a research in occupational health is to plan research that solves the company’s health challenges. In occupational health, the needs to promote physical activity and to reduce sitting time are growing under the movement of “Health and Productivity Management” and burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that current challenges provide an opportunity to advance physical fitness and sports medicine research in occupational health.
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ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth strategy on sodium consumption markers. Methods Intervention study carried out with 175 adults (20-59 years), from an educational institution of Vitória, Espírito Santo State. Participants were made aware through posters, oral approach and electronic media. Anthropometric, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, health, and dietary practices data was collected in two stages. After the first assessment, participants were randomized into two groups: Intervention Group and Control Group. The Intervention Group included 21 electronic messages and 3 videos on healthy eating focusing on the goal to reduce sodium intake for 3 months. Behavioral changes were assessed using the Generalized Estimation Equation (p-value <0.05). Results At baseline, no significant differences in socioeconomic, anthropometric and health variables, and eating practices between groups were observed. The stock broth cube was the most used ready processed seasoning. After the intervention, a reduction in the use of stock broth was observed only in the intervention group (β=0.615; p=0.016). In addition, 73% of the intervention group participants reported that the messages were clear, 67% reported that they were useful, and 48% stated they followed the guidelines. Conclusion There was a reduction in the frequency of use of stock broth cubes, demonstrating the potential effect of the m-Health strategy on sodium consumption markers in individuals without a hypertension medical diagnosis.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade da estratégia mHealth sobre marcadores do consumo de sódio. Métodos Estudo de intervenção realizado com 175 adultos (20-59 anos), vinculados a uma instituição de ensino de Vitória, no Estado do Espirito Santo. Os participantes foram contatados por através da exposição a de um pôster, de abordagem oral e mídia eletrônica. Dados antropométricos, hemodinâmicos, socioeconômicos, de saúde e práticas alimentares foram coletados em dois momentos. Os participantes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo de Intervenção e Grupo de Controle. Durante a intervenção, que durou três meses, os participantes receberam 21 mensagens eletrônicas e assistiram a três vídeos sobre alimentação saudável, com foco na redução do consumo de sódio. Mudanças foram avaliadas por Equação de Estimativa Generalizada e adoção de valor de p<0,05. Resultados Na linha de base, não foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação às variáveis antropométricas, socioeconômicas, de saúde e práticas alimentares entre os grupos. Caldo pronto foi o condimento industrializado mais utilizado pelos participantes durante o estudo. Foi observada uma redução do uso de caldo pronto apenas no Grupo de Intervenção (β=0,615; p=0,016). Além disso, 73% do Gruo de Intervenção relataram que as mensagens foram claras; 67% afirmaram que as mensagens foram úteis e 48% disseram que seguiram as orientações. Conclusão Foi observada uma redução da frequência do uso de caldo pronto, demonstrando potencial da estratégia m-Health sobre marcadores do consumo de sódio em participantes sem diagnóstico de hipertensão.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sodium , Eating , Industrialized FoodsABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Elaborar um programa de remediação com a nomeação rápida e leitura, bem como verificar a significância clínica da aplicação do programa elaborado em escolares com dislexia. Método: Participaram cinco sujeitos do terceiro ao quinto ano do ensino fundamental, com idade de 8 a 11 anos, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de dislexia. Todos os escolares foram submetidos na pré e pós-testagem à aplicação das provas de habilidades metalinguísticas e de leitura, compreensão de leitura e da prova de nomeação automática rápida. Resultados: A análise foi realizada pelo Método JT, que permitiu verificar se houve mudança positiva ou negativa e significância clínica na pós-testagem. Os resultados mostraram ter havido significância clínica nas provas de identificação; adição e combinação de sílaba, de fonema final e medial, além de repetição de não palavras, leitura de palavras reais e pseudopalavras, compreensão leitora, além de nomeação automática rápida quando comparada a pré com a pós-testagem. Conclusão: O programa elaborado mostrou-se eficaz e com aplicabilidade, podendo ser utilizado instrumento de intervenção baseada em evidência científica para escolares com dislexia, pois ocorreu significância clínica para o desempenho em leitura.
ABSTRACT Purpose: Elaborate a remediation program with rapid automatized naming and reading, as well as to verify the clinical significance of the elaborated program for students with dyslexia. Method: The study involved five students from 3rd to the 5th grade of elementary school, aged 8 to 12 years, of both genders, with an interdisciplinary diagnosis of dyslexia. All students were submitted to pre- and post-test application of metalinguistic skills and reading test, reading comprehension and rapid automatized naming test. Results: The analysis was performed using the JT method that allowed to verify positive or negative change and clinical significance in the post-testing. The results showed clinical significance in the tests of identification, syllable addition and combination, final and medial phoneme; in addition to nonwords repetition, real words and pseudowords reading, reading comprehension and rapid automatized naming test when comparing the pre- and post-testing. Conclusion: The elaborated program was efficient and applicable as an intervention instrument based on scientific evidence for students with dyslexia since it showed clinical significance for reading performance.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Reading , Dyslexia/therapy , Students , Comprehension , LinguisticsABSTRACT
Background: The task of using the growth chart by Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) for growth monitoring requires technical skill. It was hypothesized that skill up-gradation can make a difference in the performance of AWWs in regard with growth monitoring. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of intervention in improving skill of AWWs regarding growth chart plotting and interpretation.Methods: It was a field based interventional study, which was conducted in rural areas of Varanasi district, India. A total of 66 AWWs each from Chiraigaon (intervention) and Cholapur (control) community development blocks of Varanasi district was selected for the study. Each AWW was provided 3 weight readings of different ages for plotting and 4 filled growth charts for interpretation. Chi square test has been applied to assess the significant difference.Results: Only around 10% of AWWs could correctly plot all 3 growth charts and similar proportion of AWWs could also correctly interpret all 4 filled growth charts. The planned intervention could significantly improve their skill of growth chart plotting and interpretation and during end line survey 41% and 77% of AWWs could correctly plot all 3 growth charts and interpret all the four growth charts, respectively.Conclusions: The developed hypothesis is proved, and intervention was found effective in significantly improving the skills of AWWs in regard with growth monitoring.
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Abstract: Objective: We tested the effectiveness of the I prefer plain water educational strategy used to increase water consumption in elementary school children. Materials and methods: A community intervention trial was performed in eight public elementary schools in Mexico City. The schools were randomized into an intervention (IG) and a control (CG) group. Each school was provided water dispensers inside the classrooms. The IG received the educational strategy. The strategy was considered effective if the students increased their water consumption by ≥220 ml. Results: Water consumption in the IG increased 167 ml vs. 37 ml in CG (p < 0.001). The goal of the educational strategy for water consumption was achieved in 166/413 children in the IG and 95/364 children in the CG (p < 0.001). Conclusions: I prefer plain water, associated with free access to water inside the classrooms, proved to be effective to increase water consumption.
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la estrategia Prefiero agua simple para incrementar el consumo de agua en niños de escuelas primarias públicas. Material y métodos: Ensayo de intervención comunitaria en ocho escuelas en la Ciudad de México. Las escuelas se aleatorizaron en grupo de intervención (GI) y de control (GC). Se instalaron dispensadores de agua dentro de las aulas. Implementamos la estrategia al GI. Consideramos efectiva la estrategia si los estudiantes incrementaron su consumo de agua en ≥220 ml. Resultados: El incremento global en el consumo de agua del GI fue de 167 ml vs. 37 ml en GC (p <0.001). La efectividad de la estrategia para el consumo de agua se logró en 166/413 niños del GI y en 95/364 niños del GC (p <0.001). Conclusiones: Prefiero agua simple, asociada con libre acceso al agua dentro de las aulas, demostró ser efectiva para incrementar el consumo de agua.
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Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Students , Drinking Water , Drinking , Health Promotion/methods , Carbonated Beverages/statistics & numerical data , Milk/statistics & numerical data , Sugar-Sweetened Beverages/statistics & numerical data , MexicoABSTRACT
Background: A state of preparedness to a natural calamity can considerably mitigate loss of life and property and the human suffering and restore normalcy at the earliest. This study aimed at evaluation of knowledge levels on disaster management among community residents in Puducherry.Methods: Community based intervention study involving 150 community residents from a disaster affected coastal area was carried out employing convenient sampling. One-to-one interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Intervention through posters, lectures and disaster management mock drills was done. Evaluation was made using the same questionnaire following the intervention. The pre- and post-test evaluation were compared and analysed.Results: The study showed lower levels of knowledge regarding disaster management. Following the intervention there was a significant rise in the knowledge levels (p<0.005).Conclusions: This study may be useful for planning future training needs and IEC strategies for the community regarding disaster management.
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This paper summarizes the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions revised by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and introduces how to use Revman software make risk of bias graph or risk of bias summary.AHRQ tool can be used to evaluate following study designs:RCTs,cohort study,case-control study (including nested case-control),case series study and cross-sectional study.The tool evaluates the risk of bias of individual studies from selection bias,performance bias,attrition bias,detection bias and reporting bias.Each of the bias domains contains different items,and each item is available for the assessment of one or more study designs.It is worth noting that the appropriate items should be selected for evaluation different study designs instead of using all items to directly assess the risk of bias.AHRQ tool can be used to evaluate risk of bias individual studies when systematic reviews of health care interventions is including different study designs.Moreover,the tool items are relatively easy to understand and the assessment process is not complicated.AHRQ recommends the use of high,medium and low risk classification methods to assess the overall risk of bias of individual studies.However,AHRQ gives no recommendations on how to determine the overall bias grade.It is expected that future research will give corresponding recommendations.
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Objective To explore the effect of the classified management intervention model on the smoking status of high risk population of chronic non-communicable diseases in institutions from Chongqing, so as to provide scientific basis for the management of high risk population of chronic non-communicable diseases. Methods Workers from governments and institutions of four districts in Chongqing were sampled by cluster sampling. High risk population of non-communicable disease were screened and enrolled into the intervention group and control group. The intervention group were intervened by classified management. And the control group weren’t intervened. To evaluate the change of smoking and smoking hazard cognition in intervention group and control group after one year intervention. Results The result of analysis of the net effect of intervention measures using difference in difference regression model showed that the intervention measures could reduce the smoking rate, the current smoking rate and the daily smoking rate in subjects (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.21-0.49; OR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.20-0.48; OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.21-0.54). The intervention measures could increase the awareness rates of smoking causing serious diseases, stroke and lung cancer in subjects (OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.08-4.42; OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.17-2.57; OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.25-3.77), the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion The intervention model of classified management for high risk population of chronic non-communicable diseases in institutions can effectively improve the awareness rate of smoking hazards among the subjects, and then reduce the smoking rate. Therefore, this intervention model is worth popularizing and applying.
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BACKGROUND@#Soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) infections are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the most deprived communities. Adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) prevents environmental contamination, thereby preventing transmission of STH. Cognizant of this, WASH education was implemented in rural Dembiya to reduce intestinal parasitic infections. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess the impacts of the intervention on households' WASH conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.@*METHOD@#An uncontrolled before-and-after intervention study was used. Cross-sectional studies were done before and after the intervention. Two hundred twenty-five and 302 under five children were recruited randomly at the baseline and endline, respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observational checklists. Direct stool examination and Kato-Katz methods were used to identify parasites in the stool. We used percent point change and prevalence ratio (PR) to see the effects of the intervention on WASH conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections respectively. Pearson chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to test for statistically significant percentage point changes of WASH conditions. The effect of the intervention on intestinal parasitic infections was statistically tested on the basis of PR with 95% confidence interval (CI).@*RESULTS@#The baseline prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 25.8%, and the endline prevalence was 23.8%. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was not significantly decreased at the endline compared with the baseline [PR = 0.92, 95% CI = (0.62, 1.38)]. Ascaris Lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasitic infection both at the baseline and endline. The proportion of children who had good hygienic condition increased from 1.3% at the baseline to 34.4% at the end line (p < 0.05). The percentage of mothers/care givers who washed hands at different pick times was significantly increased from 24.4% at the baseline to 68.2% at the endline (p < 0.001). The proportion of households who practiced home-based water treatment was significantly increased from 7.6% at the baseline to 47% at the endline (p < 0.001). The proportion of households who used sanitary latrine was increased from 32% at the baseline to 49% at the endline (p < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#This before-and-after intervention study found that households' WASH performance was significantly improved at the endline compared with the baseline. The endline prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was slightly lower than the baseline prevalence; however, the reduction was not statistically significant. The local health office needs to strengthen the WASH education program, mobilize the community to construct WASH facilities, and support the community to sustain households' WASH performance.
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Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drinking Water , Parasitology , Reference Standards , Ethiopia , Epidemiology , Family Characteristics , Feces , Parasitology , Health Behavior , Physiology , Health Education , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Helminthiasis , Epidemiology , Hygiene , Education , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Epidemiology , Prevalence , Rural Population , Sanitation , Soil , Parasitology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report visual field changes after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for macular epiretinal membrane (ERM) according to the severity of glaucoma. METHODS: A retrospective review of 37 eyes from 37 patients who underwent ILM peeling to treat ERM. Standard automated perimetry (Humphrey visual field 24-2 program) was performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Based on the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) scoring system of preoperative visual field, patients were classified into the early glaucoma (AGIS ≤ 1) group or the advanced glaucoma (AGIS ≥ 2) group. Postoperative visual field sensitivity at each point was compared with the preoperative value. RESULTS: Out of 37 eyes, 15 eyes had early glaucoma and 22 had advanced glaucoma. Eyes from both groups had poor postoperative visual field parameters. For eyes with advanced glaucoma, the visual field index was significantly reduced and the visual field damage was larger and wider compared to those with early glaucoma. In both groups, visual field impairment was greater on the nasal side than on the temporal side, and visual acuity was not significantly different. Postoperatively, the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness was decreased, especially on the temporal side of advanced glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Visual field impairment was greater and wider in eyes with advanced glaucoma than in those with early glaucoma after ILM peeling in patients with ERM.
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Humans , Epiretinal Membrane , Ganglion Cysts , Glaucoma , Membranes , Retrospective Studies , Visual Acuity , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the methods for generating evidence on health outcomes in children with rare diseases.@*Methods@#The data from 30 clinical trials on rare neurological diseases in children from January 2008 to December 2018 were collected and analyzed.Statistical analysis was conducted on the relationship between the study sponsor and the study center, the number of participants and the prevalence rate.@*Results@#Thirty studies involved 6 types of diseases, including 14 kinds of diseases.(1) All global multicenter studies (14 items) were initiated by pharmaceutical companies, whereas most of single-center studies (6/7 kinds, 86%) and multiple centers within one country(7/9 kinds, 78%) were initiated by investigators.There was a significant correlation between the research center and the research sponsor(P<0.001). (2) Most of the drugs studied were selected based on previous clinical trials (9/30 items) and animal experiments (9/30 items). (3) The median number of participants included 39 cases (10-215 cases), and 60%(18/30 items) of the studies was fewer than 50 cases.(4) Study design: 53%(16/30 items) of studies were randomized controlled studies, 33%(10/30 items) studies were open-label single-arm studies, and 14% (4/30 items) were randomized cross-over trials.Seventy-five percent(12/16 items)of randomized controlled studies were initiated by pharmaceutical companies, 50%(5/10 items) open-label single-arm studies and all randomized cross-over trials were initiated by investigators.There was a statistical correlation between the study sponsors and the study design method (χ2=7.602, P=0.022). (5) Outcome index: Scale score was used as the primary outcome in half of studies.Other studies used symptom improvement or pathological changes.@*Conclusions@#Clinical trials in rare diseases enrolled fewer participants than that in non-rare diseases, and the study design method was relatively simple.Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the level of evidence of clinical research of rare diseases through global and multi-center recruitment, initiation of pharmaceutical companies and improving the study design method.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of continuous care on patients with high risk of diabetic foot in China.@*Methods@#A random control of continuing care for patients with diabetes foot at high risk before June 2018 was published in the full text of the Chinese VP full text database (VIP), the full text database (CNKI), the Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Wan Fang, PubMed, Science Library. The test (randomized clinical trial), by 2 researchers, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature quality was evaluated and extracted by the document quality standard of Cochrane cooperation network, and the different subgroups were divided according to the difference of the determination time of each outcome index, and the RevMan5.3 software was used to match the data. The required literature is analyzed by Meta.@*Results@#A total of 13 randomized clinical trials were included in the Mate analysis, including 1 450 subjects, 721 in the intervention group and 729 in the control group. The results showed that continuous nursing could effectively reduce the value of fasting blood glucose (combined effect MD=-1.34, 95%CI -1.44--1.24, P < 0.01), and effectively reduce the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (combined effect MD=-0.75, 95%CI -1.24- -0.27, P=0.002), and reduce the diabetic foot in patients with diabetic foot risk(combined effect RR=0.31, 95%CI 0.24-0.40, P<0.01). Continuous care could improve patients′ self-management ability and self-foot nursing ability.@*Conclusions@#Continuous care can reduce the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and the incidence of diabetic foot in high-risk patients with diabetic foot, improve their self-management ability and self-foot nursing ability, which is of great significance to prevent and reduce the occurrence and development of diabetic foot.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous care on patients with high risk of diabetic foot in China. Methods A random control of continuing care for patients with diabetes foot at high risk before June 2018 was published in the full text of the Chinese VP full text database (VIP), the full text database (CNKI), the Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Wan Fang, PubMed, Science Library. The test (randomized clinical trial), by 2 researchers, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature quality was evaluated and extracted by the document quality standard of Cochrane cooperation network, and the different subgroups were divided according to the difference of the determination time of each outcome index, and the RevMan5.3 software was used to match the data. The required literature is analyzed by Meta. ResuLts A total of 13 randomized clinical trials were included in the Mate analysis, including 1 450 subjects, 721 in the intervention group and 729 in the control group. The results showed that continuous nursing could effectively reduce the value of fasting blood glucose (combined effect MD=-1.34,95% CI -1.44--1.24, P < 0.01), and effectively reduce the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (combined effect MD=-0.75, 95% CI-1.24--0.27, P=0.002), and reduce the diabetic foot in patients with diabetic foot risk(combined effect RR=0.31, 95% CI 0.24-0.40, P<0.01). Continuous care could improve patients′ self-management ability and self-foot nursing ability. ConcLusions Continuous care can reduce the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and the incidence of diabetic foot in high-risk patients with diabetic foot, improve their self-management ability and self-foot nursing ability, which is of great significance to prevent and reduce the occurrence and development of diabetic foot.
ABSTRACT
This paper summarizes the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions revised by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and introduces how to use Revman software make risk of bias graph or risk of bias summary.AHRQ tool can be used to evaluate following study designs:RCTs,cohort study,case-control study (including nested case-control),case series study and cross-sectional study.The tool evaluates the risk of bias of individual studies from selection bias,performance bias,attrition bias,detection bias and reporting bias.Each of the bias domains contains different items,and each item is available for the assessment of one or more study designs.It is worth noting that the appropriate items should be selected for evaluation different study designs instead of using all items to directly assess the risk of bias.AHRQ tool can be used to evaluate risk of bias individual studies when systematic reviews of health care interventions is including different study designs.Moreover,the tool items are relatively easy to understand and the assessment process is not complicated.AHRQ recommends the use of high,medium and low risk classification methods to assess the overall risk of bias of individual studies.However,AHRQ gives no recommendations on how to determine the overall bias grade.It is expected that future research will give corresponding recommendations.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention through cognitive stimulation associated with Taigeiko practice in memory performance and executive function of elderly women, compared to a group exposed to Taigeiko alone. Method: A quasi-experimental study was performed with 16 elderly women. 10 were allocated to the experimental group (EG) submitted to 16 sessions of cognitive stimulation and Taigeiko, and 6 elderly women in the control group (CG) submitted to Taigeiko alone. Cognition was assessed before and after intervention by the tests: Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning (RAVLT); Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; Trail-Making Test; Stroop Effect; Digit Span Test and Semantic Verbal Fluency Test. Results: Both groups presented differences in RAVLT domains (EG p=0.004, CG p=0.005) and Stroop Effect (EG p=0.012; CG p=0.024). However, in EG, better scores were shown in the tests, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Taigeiko has been shown to be a potential activity in obtaining cognitive gains, independently of the associated cognitive stimulation.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención por medio de estímulos cognitivos asociados a la práctica de Taigeiko en el desempeño de la memoria y función ejecutiva de ancianas, comparado a un grupo expuesto al Taigeiko aisladamente. Método: Estudio casi experimental con 16 ancianas, siendo 10 asignadas en el grupo experimental (GE) y sometidas a 16 sesiones de estimulación cognitiva y Taigeiko; y 6 ancianas en el grupo control (GC), sometidas al Taigeiko aisladamente. La cognición fue evaluada antes y después de la intervención por medio de las pruebas: Aprendizaje Aditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT); Figuras Complejas de Rey; Rutas; Efecto Stroop; Span de Dígitos y Fluidez Verbal Semántica. Resultados: Los dos grupos presentaron diferencias en los dominios del RAVLT (GE p=0,004; GC p=0,005) y en el Efecto Stroop (GE p=0,012; GC p=0,024). Sin embargo, en el GE se evidenciaron mejores puntuaciones en las pruebas, aunque sin significancia estadística. Conclusión: El Taigeiko demostró ser una potencial actividad en la obtención de ganados cognitivos, independientemente de la estimulación cognitiva asociada.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção por meio de estímulos cognitivos associados à prática de Taigeiko no desempenho da memória e função executiva de idosas, comparado a um grupo exposto ao Taigeiko isoladamente. Método: Estudo quase-experimental com 16 idosas, sendo 10 alocadas no grupo experimental (GE) submetidas a 16 sessões de estimulação cognitiva e Taigeiko, e 6 idosas no grupo controle (GC) submetidas ao Taigeiko isoladamente. A cognição foi avaliada pré e pós-intervenção pelos testes: Aprendizagem Aditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT); Figuras Complexas de Rey; Trilhas; Stroop; Span de Dígitos e Fluência Verbal Semântica. Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram diferenças em domínios do RAVLT (GE p=0,004; GC p=0,005) e do Teste Stroop (GE p=0,012; GC p=0,024). No entanto, no GE foram evidenciados melhores escores nos testes, embora sem significância estatística. Conclusão: O Taigeiko demonstrou ser uma potencial atividade na obtenção de ganhos cognitivos, independente da estimulação cognitiva associada.